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Sunday, 1 November 2020

Highest Post Office of the World: Hikkim, India

Board and Letter Box at Hikkim Post office (Picture source: Internet)

In a short story titled 'Post Master', Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore had painted a grim picture about the loneliness of a postmaster at a remote village post office. 

Stamp of Rabindranath Tagore issued by India Post (07 May 1961)

Since the gentleman had arrived there on transfer from a city called Calcutta (now Kolkata), India he felt like a fish out of water. His trouble and sadness arising out of his inability to connect with the local villagers of the remote area were described in details. The story took a turn with the entry of his helping maid named Ratan to break his monotonous days. The boredom of the postmaster ended when he was able to connect and communicate with her. However, this is neither a story of a postmaster nor of Ratan but of a post office located at a very remote place in India.

The post office we are talking about is located at a very far off place, away from hum-drums of city life. To be precise it is nestled in the lap of nature in the district of Lahaul and Spiti of Himachal Pradesh, the north Indian state. Lahaul and Spiti district was formed in 1960 by amalgamation of two separate districts - Lahaul and Spiti. It is a trans-Himalayan terrain with its beautiful and endless landscape. The location has spectacular scenery of magnificent and mighty Himalaya. Natural beauty is in abundance with snow capped mountains, particularly when the sky is clear. No doubt that the serene location offers a jaw dropping view for a first timer. This is also one of the highest inhabited regions of the world. Residents are simple people with minimum materialistic demands and bearer of culture of bygone era.

Hikkim Post Office Building (Picture courtesy: holidify.com)

The meaning of Spiti is ‘middle land’ which refers to the landmass  between India and Tibet. In fact, Spiti Valley is a cold desert mountain valley with average annual rainfall of meagre 170 mm (for reference purpose the average annual rainfall of Delhi, the Indian capital is about 700 mm). In addition to spectacular natural beauty of mountains, Spiti Valley has Buddhist monasteries (including nearly 1000 year old monasteries at Tabo, Sherkhang and Dhankar. Tabo monastery is an Archaeological Survey of India protected Indian heritage site) and lakes (tourist spot like Chandra Tal Lake) etc.

Tabo Monastery by India Post (31 Dec 1999)

Hikkim is a small village in this high altitude Spiti Valley. It is located in between of Komic (highest motorable village in the world) and Langza (2nd highest motorable village). 

Komical attraction (courtesy: Somenath Ganguly)

All these three high altitude villages viz. Komic, Hikkim, and Langza are linked by road with Kaza but that is arduous. Kaza, the nearest town, which is sub-divisional headquarters (capital), is about 16 kms away from Hikkim. Buses operated by HRTC (Himachal Roadways Transport Corporation) travel from Kaza to Hikkim only twice a week (on Tuesdays and Saturdays).

Houses in Hikkim are built with stone and mud. Outer walls of every house is neatly painted in white and doors/windows in blue. Buddhist culture and influence are prominent which can be gauged from the Buddhist prayer flags fluttering on the top of the houses.

The village is small one with population of about 200 residents. In fact, from population point of view among Indian districts, the Lahaul and Spiti district itself ranks as fourth least populous district. One can encircle the entire village on foot within half an hour or so. While taking the round of the village one will meet small kids from the village who will offer fossils, as souvenir, for a price (negotiable). However, the kids prefer chocolates over any other trading medium. In return, they will give innocent smiles. It is recommended to carry some chocolates for these kids. Fossils are found in the nearby areas, particularly in Langza.

Panoramic view of Hikkim village (Picture courtesy: devilonwheels.com)

Best tourist time to visit Hikkim and adjoining areas is from April to October, when roads are motor-able and landslides are less frequent. It is advisable to get a health check up done for travel in such high altitude location, particularly for Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). Winter is harsh and unforgiving in this extreme geographical region. As a result, the region remains covered with blanket of snow for nearly half of the year and the whole region goes for hibernation. During that period, the village and adjoining region remain cut off from the rest of the country due to snowfall.

The life line of the residents of the village of Hikkim and nearby villages is a non-descriptive post office situated at Hikkim. Incoming and outgoing mails provides the link of the residents of the secluded region with rest of the world. People send and receive letters. Over and above mail services, the Hikkim post office caters the banking need of the villagers. Another important task of this post office is handling of passports of the Buddhist monks who travel worldwide for preaching.

A 'high' feeling by a tourist (Courtesy: Somenath Ganguly)

After reaching Hikkim post office, tourists do primarily two tasks. First one is obviously taking a selfie in front of the board of the post office. Second one is posting letters in the letter box of the post office for the near and dear ones. Dropping postcards or picture postcards from this unique post office is an experience itself. After accomplishing both jobs, a tourist gets an euphoric feeling.

Top of the world (Courtesy: Somenath Ganguly)

The post office has limited choice and stock of post cards. So it is wise to carry a few postcards, complete with addresses of addressees and stamps. There are other alternatives too. The cafe right opposite to the post office has an array of picture post cards. At times, during tourist months, a few enterprising locals lay a table outside the post office with complete paraphernalia viz. postcards, envelope, colour sketch pens etc.  

When footfall of the tourists increases, the post office also faces shortage of stamps, at times. However, the helpful post master assures tourists to put the stamps, against advance payment, at later date when stock arrives.

Pleasure of posting a letter (Courtesy: Somenath Ganguly)

After dropping a letter in the letter box, the very first question comes in the mind - will the letter ever reach the destination from such far off place?

The answer is yes.

Letter from Hikkim

My letter was posted at Hikkim post office on 21 Aug 2020 and it was delivered at my address at NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India on 14 Sept 2020. A long journey of 24 days was completed through various terrains and nodes. From Hikkim postman (runner) walks down to Kaza (16 kms), on alternate day, to deliver mails. The Hikkim to Kaza road is arduous and precarious. From Kaza, mail goes Reckong Peo by bus and subsequently to Shimla railway station. From Shimla it travels by toy train to Kalka and further onwards by rail or by air.

Cancellation at Hikkim

The transit time for letters to and fro Hikkim post office is poised to witness a downward trend. The credit goes to 9 Kilometres long Atal Tunnel (formerly Rohtang Tunnel), built by Border Roads Organisation, which was opened for traffic on 03 Oct 2020. 

10 Oct 1985 A Tete-beche pair of triangular stamps by India Post

Tête-bêche is a French term for "head-to-tail". In philately, it means a joined pair of stamps in which one is upside-down relative to the other. Following is an example of tete-beche stamp -

Bombay Sappers issued by India Post on 21 Feb 1990

This is the longest tunnel above 10,000 feet in the world and also the longest motorable tunnel of the world. It provides an all-season all-weather road connectivity between Manali and Ladakh, further to Lahaul and Spiti. This will reduce the distance between Manali and Leh by 46 kms. This will ensure road connectivity to Lahaul and Spiti during peak winter.   

In this pandemic situation, Work From Home (WFH) has become a familiar term. Imagination a situation where one’s home is one’s office!

Yes, this is true for Hikkim post office. Here the post master does not go to post office. Rather the post office itself is situated in his residence. Since he had some spare space at his home, he had offered one room to India Post. Accordingly post office was established in his house. This is one small room yet cozy post office with low ceiling, built as per location tradition. Hikkim post office is residence-cum-office for the post master. Since tourists drop in any day, including Sunday, the post office is open for seven days a week. However, daily business hour is limited till four pm.  

Door of Hikkim Post Office (Picture courtesy: eternallycreative.com)

The post office was inaugurated or rather became functional with effect from 05 Nov 1983. For the job three local chaps were interviewed. First one had education up to class V, the second one had studied up to class VI. The third one and the most qualified candidate was having Class VII pass status. So he was appointed for the job. Additional advantage in his favour was availability of spare space at residence for operating the post office. It began in 1983, with a monthly rent of INR 40 from India Post when commissioned and later on gradually revised to INR 200 (according 2016 data).  

Post Master Rinchen Chhering (Picture courtesy: Reflex)

The name of the post master is Rinchen Chhering. He has been at the helm of affairs since beginning of this humble post office. His commitment and dedication for the job brings smiles on the faces of local villagers who live in this mountainous range. According to the experiences of the tourists, whenever he was out for some errands for a short while, either his wife or daughter extends helping hands to them. They have their agricultural farm right behind their residence. Rinchen will shortly be due for retirement.

The Postal Index Number (PIN) Code of this post office is 172 114.The elevation of the place is 4,400 m or 14,567 feet from the mean sea level. This makes Hikkim Post Office, a post office located at the highest elevation in the world!

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Disclaimer:

The information provided in the article is for general informational purposes only. All information is provided in good faith. This is only for the sharing of knowledge of Philately with philatelist fraternity. No commercial angle, whatsoever, is involved.

Under no circumstances I shall have any liability for reliance on any information provided in the story.


The story was published in Ananthapuri Stamp Bulletin (Nov 2020) which is reproduced below:

Cover Page


First Page

Second Page

Third page

Fourth cum Last Page

Saturday, 3 October 2020

The Designer’s Stamp

 

Abraham Gessner, who gave Kerosene to the world, holding an illuminated Kerosene lamp and sample of the product; 17 Mar 2000 issue
  

In early days of civilization, people didn’t have any convenient source of light after sunset. Wax candles were alternative to animal fats and vegetable oils which were used to burn lamps.

Wax candles for illumination

Whale oil was the first choice for lamps till 1840s. 

Whale oil was source of light, at some point of time

Camphine, appeared in the market in 1935 as 'Burning Fluid'. It was manufactured by a distillation process using turpentine along with quicklime. But the fuel was flammable and several cases were reported when lamps had exploded killing innocent people. Kerosene or Coal oil was produced in 1846. Kerosene from crude petroleum oil was produced only in 1853.

Kerosene lamps of yesteryear

According to Professor Bill Kovarik of Carnegie Mellon University the estimated prices in 1850 were as follows:


Sr.

Fuel

Cost

Remarks

1

Camphine (Burning fluid)

50 cents/ gallon

Bright, sweet smelling

2

Whale oil

$1.30 - $2.50 /gallon

 

3

Lard oil

90 cents/ gallon

Low quality, smelly

4

Kerosene (Coal oil)

50 cents/ gallon

Sooty, smelly, low quality

5

Kerosene (Petroleum)

60 cents/ gallon

From crude oil in 1960s

Source: Wikipedia

On 27 mar 1855, Abraham Gesner was honored with award of patent  for production of Kerosene. According to the U.S. Patent Office Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents, Volume 1, patent no. 12,612 was granted to him for this discovery.

The patent of Abraham Gesner states

“I have invented and discovered a new and useful manufacture or composition of matter, being a new liquid hydrocarbon, which I denominate Kerosene.”

Since this new lighting liquid was extracted from coal, it was called “coal oil” as well “kerosene”. It had several advantages viz. cheap, customer friendly etc.

His discovery provided relief to thousands of whales which were killed every year by the whalers for their fat as that was used for illumination purpose. At the same breath, it put a nail in the coffin of whaling industry which was a flourishing trade for killing whales, selling their fat and flesh, at that point of time. Whaling industry was stopped in the late 1980s due to several reasons. The drop in demand of whale oil for lighting purpose was one of the reasons.

Whales - various species

On 10 Sept 1958, the then Post Office Department of Canada (present day Canada Post) had issued a postage stamp of 5 Cents to commemorate the 100th anniversary (1858-1958) of development of oil industry in Canada. It was printed by Canadian Bank Note Company Ltd., and total 24,660,000 number of stamp were printed. It is cataloged as Scott No. 381.

Petroleum industry centenary in Canada

It was a recognition of the works of Abraham Pineo Gesner and James Miller Williams who had contributed in the beginning and the initial growth of petroleum industry in Canada and also in whole world. Abraham was from Nova Scotia and he developed a distillation process of production of kerosene in 1846 from bituminous sources which provided mankind a new source for lighting. He named the product as "keroselain" by amalgamation of two Greek words for wax and oil. He subsequently, simplified the name to kerosene.

James, on the other hand, commenced first commercial production of oil at Oil Springs, Ontario during 1858-59. He founded Canadian Oil Company.

This stamp was released when Canada was hosting World Power Conference (07-11 Sept 1958) in Montreal. A total 52 countries had participated in the conference and number of delegates exceeded 1700.

The dimension of the stamp was only 1.25 inches X 1 inch. The history of 100 years of development of oil industry in Canada was captured within that small enclosure. There were sketches of an oil refinery and kerosene lamp in the stamp. There were two droplets of oil. A kerosene lamp in green colour was placed inside one droplet on the left hand side of the stamp and an oil refinery in red colour was shown within an oil droplet on the right side. Near the base of the refinery, there was a small 'P' which can be seen under a magnifying glass. One wonders what is the mystery of this P?

 

'P' for Petroleum or ?

It was the mark of Alan L. Pollock, the person who had designed the stamp. He was a renowned stamp designer from Toronto. Donald J. Mitchell was credited for the picture and lettering.

As philatelist, we always appreciate the beauty of the stamp for its design, colour, print etc. But rarely we give due credit to the designer of the stamp. Rarely a stamp carries the signature or identity of the designer. In that sense, it was one of the rarest design of a stamp where designer was allowed to put his initial. Thus, in the world of philately can we call this humble stamp as Designer’s Stamp?

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This story was published in Ananthapuri Stamp Bulletin (Oct 2020). Scanned copies of related pages are given below:



Cover page of the stamp bulletin





Disclaimer:
The information provided in the article is for general informational purposes only. All information is provided in good faith. This is only for the sharing of knowledge of Philately with philatelist fraternity. No commercial angle, whatsoever, is involved.
Under no circumstances I shall have any liability for reliance on any information provided in the story.
.
.
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Tuesday, 22 September 2020

Petroleum Philately of India: Indian Oil

Indian Oil in the History of Stamps

This article of mine titled 'Philately - the King of Hobbies and Indian Oil in the History of Stamps' was published as cover story of IndianOil News (Vol XXXXI No. 3 Mar 2004), the house journal of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. The story is reproduced here for the benefit of readers. However, it is to be kept in mind that facts and figures date back 2004.


The word ‘Philately’ originated by combining two Greek words ‘Philos’ which means ‘Love’ and ‘Ateles’ which stands for ‘Tax free’. A stamp collector, hence is called a ‘Philatelist’ and the hobby of stamp collection is often termed as ‘King of Hobbies and the Hobby of Kings’. As a hobby it offers knowledge, imparts education and top of all, provides satisfaction to the collector. Philately is not only collection of postage stamps but also the gathering of information about these stamps and the background of it. A stamp collection cannot be built up overnight, it has to be nurtured with patience. For senior stamp collectors, the hobby generally spans 30/40 years or even a life-time. Such treasures of collection of precious stamps are passed on from one generation to another.

Philately is also known as the ‘Hobby of Kings’ because several kings, queens and state heads were bitten by the bug of philately. Some of them were King George IV, King George V, Queen Elizabeth II of England, King Faud of Egypt, Franklin Roosvelt - former President of USA etc.

Former American President with his stamp album

"Stamp collecting dispels boredom, enlarges our vision, broadens our knowledge, makes us better citizens and, in innumerable ways, enriches our lives." - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 – 1945), the 32nd president of the United States of America.

The conceptualization and introduction of postage stamp is credited to Sir Rowland Hill (1795 - 1879) of England. The first stamp was issued in England on 6th May 1840. There was a profile of Queen Victoria on the stamp and original denomination was one penny. To connoisseurs, it is famous as ‘Penny Black’. Today, an envelope with Penny Black in good condition, in the international market, is traded at mind boggling price of GBP 45,000 (about INR thirty lakhs). Since Great Britain was the first to introduce the postage stamp, the country is honored with a rare privilege of the country’s name not being printed on its stamp. All other countries of the world have their names printed on every stamp.
Famous Penny Black (Picture source Internet)

The first postage stamp of India was issued on 1st July 1852, in the province of Sind (now in Pakistan). Though the first stamp of the world Penny Black was square in shape, the first stamp of India was circular in shape. Since it was issued in the province of Sind, they are known as ‘Scinde Dawks’. While the original denomination was half anna, these days each of the used piece of scarlet variety on Shellac wafer costs about INR 3.5 lakh while the unused one simply has a price tag of INR 12.5 lakh!

Scinde Dwak - Red variety (Picture source - Internet)

The first postage stamp of India, in the post-independence era, was issued on 21st Nov 1947. It carried a replica of the national flag of India and the denomination of the stamp was three and half anna. 

First stamp of Independent India

Since then, every year Government of India issues several postage stamps of various denominations either for common use of postage (known as definitive stamps) as well as to commemorate several events, occasions etc. (called commemorative stamps).

Among such wide varieties of thematic collection, there is one category, which is Petroleum. The spectrum of thematic collection of stamps on Petroleum ranges from oil exploration, drilling of wells, oil refining to storage and handling infrastructure of petroleum business. In other words, a stamp with any feature on it that relates petroleum industry in some way or other is in the wish list of petroleum philatelists. Countries having rich reserves of petroleum viz. Gulf countries, Russia, Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico etc., have been issuing stamps on petroleum since ages. In India, the number of stamps issued on petroleum so far is about six, compared to approximate 1600 issued by the Government of India from 1947 to 2002.

On 14th Aug 1982, a postage stamp was released to commemorate the oil exploration activities in India. 20 Lakh stamps were printed at India Security Press, Nasik and were issued through the postal channel. The stamp carries a picture of Sagar Samrat which is India’s oldest jack-up type deep-water oil drilling rig, procured by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC) from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Japan during 1973. Since then, till date, this rig is operating at Bombay High irrespective of rain and shine.

Sagar Samrat Rig of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.

Close up of  oil droplet shaped cancellation

However, the first stamp of India on petroleum was issued much earlier. It was about the commissioning of the Gauhati Refinery of Indian Oil. 

First refinery of Indian Oil

Rhino is the state animal of Assam where Gauhati refinery is located

The Department of Post & Telegraph had issued the commemorative stamp on the historical event of the formal commissioning of Gauhati refinery on 1st Jan 1962 by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

Jawaharlal Nehru - first Prime Minister of independent India
In 1882, the Assam Railway and Trading Company (AR&T & Co.) while laying railway tracks for connecting Margheritta, which was the head office of AR&T Co., with Dibrugarh noticed the presence of liquid black gold on the earth’s surface. Exploration started and in 1889 oil was struck at Digboi, which was the first commercial crude oil well in India.

Well No. 1 at Digboi, Assam, India

In those inhospitable terrain, elephants were extensively used.

100 Years of oil industry in India

To commemorate 100 years of oil in India, a commemorative stamp was issued on 29th Dec 1989. A total of 15 lakh number of this stamp was released in the market. The oil field of Digboi, which had erupted fountain of crude oil a century ago, is still producing today, much to the surprise of petroleum experts all over the globe. The latest issue of stamp on petroleum of India has also featured Indian Oil. It was issued on 18th Dec 2001 to commemorate the centenary of Digboi refinery of Indian Oil.

Both stamp and cancellation represent oil derrick of bygone era

In 1893, Assam Oil Syndicate installed a small refinery at Margheritta. In 1899, AR&T Co., in order to diversify into petroleum business, promoted another company - Assam Oil Company. This company erected a new refinery at Digboi in 1901. In 2001, Digboi Refinery completed 100 years of successful operation. To commemorate the event, Government of India released a stamp which was printed on imported un-watermarked paper. A total number of eight lakh copies of the stamp were released. A few of this stamp have been used in the postage across the country and some might have found their way in the albums of avid collectors across the globe. 

Information about 100 years of Digboi oilfield

While releasing the stamp, the Department of Post had stated -

“Petroleum has revolutionized our lives as a source of energy for domestic, industrial and transport sectors and as a feed stock for agricultural, chemical and other industries. Over the past 100 years, the petroleum industry of India with Digboi refinery as its nucleus, has been an integral part of country’s march towards self-reliance.”

Centenary of Digboi refinery of Indian Oil



Commemorative stamp issued on centenary of Digboi refinery
Detailed information issued by Department of Post
A major aspect of petroleum logistics is the transportation of oil by various modes. The most economic mode for crude oil and finished product transportation is by flat-bottom vessels i.e ocean going tankers. A picture of an oil carrier tanker was used in an Indian stamp, issued on 14th Oct 1969 in connection with the celebration of the 10th anniversary of Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO). A total 35c lakh such stamps were issued on that particular day.

Starting from oil exploration of north East sector to offshore activities in Bombay High have been depicted through postage stamps. Celebrations of centuries of first oil field of India to that of Digboi refinery has been given due honour in philately. Along with consumption of oil, adequate significance was accorded to Oil Conservation as well. The first stamp of India on Oil Conservation was issued on 18th Feb 1995 under definitive series. Even prior to that there was a Special Cover with Special Cancellation during observation of the 4th Oil Conservation Week (03-09 Jan 1994). Thus the spectrum of the oil industry of India has been glorified in Indian philately.

Oil conservation stamp

As philatelists worldwide are collecting stamps on petroleum, people of oil industry are also having keen interest in philately. John E. DuPont of DuPont, the multinational giant which deals with petroleum refining and distribution along with other diversified business, had purchased the so far most expensive stamp the “Penny Megenta’ of Mauritius at an auction held in 1980, at a staggering price of USD 935,000. However, the price tag of this tiny marvel on a piece of paper has further scaled new heights. ‘Sweden 1855 Treskilling Yellow’ stamp, the first stamp of Sweden with the error of orange-yellow colour instead of normal blue-green colour of issue was sold at an auction held last year for USD 2.27 million! The Yellow 3 skilling of Sweden, 1855, one of the world's most expensive stamps. A unique example of a colour error.

Courtesy: P.A. Sparre (1828-1921) - Placé sur le wikipédia en suédois par

Presently the petroleum industry of India is undergoing massive changes since the dismantling of Administered Pricing Mechanism (APM) with effect from 1st Apr 2002. In that process, several new innovations are being made and new records are being created. Marketing of branded fuel, upgradation of refining technologies, new discoveries of reserves, exploration for oil in Russia, Sudan etc., - to quote a few. Petroleum philatelists of the world are waiting with bated breath for the release of new postage stamps of India to commemorate a few of these historic milestones of the Indian petroleum industry.

The price of stamps is not just limited to its age but also the uniqueness, errors, historical events etc., that determine the age during which the stamp was printed. Next time you get a stamp think again before throwing it away. It could be your legacy to the next generation.

 

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Scan of the published story

Cover page of the magazine

 
First page of the story

Second page of the publication

Third or final page of the story

Disclaimer:

The information provided in the article is for general informational purposes only. All information is provided in good faith. This is only for the sharing of knowledge of Philately with philatelist fraternity. No commercial angle, whatsoever, is involved.

Under no circumstances I shall have any liability for reliance on any information provided in the story.

.
.
.

#philatelist #philately #stamps #philatelic #stamp #postagestamps #philategram #stampcollection #stampcollecting #filatelia #briefmarken #stampcollector #timbre #stampswap #snailmail #postzegels #francobolli #postcrossing #stampscollection #oldstamps #francobollo #filateli #vintagestamps #worldstamps #postage #filatelie #philatelie #happymail #sellos #stampscollection #stamps #philately #stamp #stampcollection #philatelic #postagestamps #timbre #philatelist #swap #filatelia #postcard #stampsforsale #worldstamps #philategram #postcrossing #stampcollecting #stampcollector #filateli #stampshop #stampswap #briefmarke #briefmarken #postcards #snailmail #perangko #francobolli #postage #stampscollecting






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