Energy Conservation Day

Hungary (Magyar Posta) - 30 Mar 1984

"The world is on a highway to climate hell with our foot on the accelerator." 

- Antonio Guterres, Secretary General, UN on 07 Nov 2022 at COP27 held at Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt.

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Primary energy is a form of energy that is found in nature which has not been subjected to any sort of conversion or transformation process. Primary energy sources are broadly classified under two categories – conventional (non-renewable) and renewable sources. Conventional energy sources are dominated by coal, petroleum oil, natural gas etc. Renewable energy sources are like solar, wind, hydroelectricity, etc. Use of conventional energy results into release of large quantities of carbon di oxide in the atmosphere. Under normal circumstances, such pollutant carbon di oxide remains suspended in the surroundings for an indefinite period. 

According to BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022, following are the release of carbon di oxide in the atmosphere from energy consumption by the top polluting countries of the world in 2021:

China = 10523.0 million tonnes

USA   =   4701.1 million tonnes

India  =   2552.8 million tonnes 

The more we use fossil fuels like coal, petroleum oil and gas etc., to produce electricity or other forms of energy, the more we release of carbon di oxide in the atmosphere. Moreover, we shall have less fuel in the kitty for future. Energy conservation is the process of reduction of consumption of energy by various methods. 

In order to highlight the need, and importance of energy conservation, and to create awareness on the subject, several countries have issued postage stamps on the topic.

Some of the simple ways for energy conservation are:

1. Switching off the light while leaving the room

LED & energy efficient devices: South Korea 01 Aug 2008

2. Replacing CFL bulbs with LED bulbs

De-plug & Earth Hour: Australia

3. Unplugging the electrical devices when not in use

De-plugging: South Korea 01 Aug 2008

4. Setting of air-conditioner temperature at 26-28 degree Celsius in tropical countries

AC temperature monitoring: South Korea 01 Aug 2008

5. Walking down the nearby markets etc., rather than driving a car

6. Use of more public transport e.g. metro or tube railway etc.

Use public transport: South Korea 01 Aug 2008

Spain also issued a set of three stamps, one each highlighting public transport, room temperature and de-plugging of electrical devices. 

Spain on Energy Conservation

Symbolic bulbs were used in the stamps of China (15 July 1980), Greece (05 May 1980), and Japan (a set of two stamps on 01 Aug 1981).

China on Energy Conservation

Energy efficient bulbs not only conserve energy but also saves money. 

By energy conservation, we try to preserve the limited resources of energy. The approach helps in reducing the burning of fuels like coal, petroleum oil etc., and thereby saving the available resources, minimising waste, reducing cost and protecting environment. It is one of the solutions to mitigate the issues of pollution, release of Green House Gases (GHGs), global warming, etc. It also ensures a greener planet earth for the future generations.

Thus, it goes without saying that there is an urgent need to conserve energy by the global citizens. 

US Post on Energy Conservation

One 10 cent energy conservation stamp was issued by USA on the occasion of 50th anniversary of World Energy Conference held in Detroit, Michigan (23-27 Sept 1974). The stamp was designed by Robert W. Bode from Chappaqua, New York. Esther Porter was the modeler of the stamp and Howard F. Sharpless was the engraver. The stamps were printed by Offset and Giori.

Another related 13 cent stamp on ‘Energy and Development’ was released by US Post on 20 Oct 1977. Those stamps were printed by Bureau of Engraving and Printing.

Source: Internet

The Nederland issued a stamp on similar theme on 25 Jan 1977. The simple design of the stamp conveys the message of radiation and conservation.

France in 1978, drew attention towards economic parameters of energy conservation.

Spain issued a set of two stamps on ‘Save Energy’ on 24 Jan 1979.

A loud and clear message on ‘Save Fuel’ was conveyed through a pair of unique stamps by South Africa on 02 Apr 1979.

In 1979, Germany had issued a beautiful stamp on energy conservation. 

In the following year, in 1980, Greece issued a pair of stamps on the theme.

Greece 1980

Greece 1980

Morocco issued stamp on the theme in 1980.

In the year 1981, Israel issued a stamp highlighting energy conservation. On the same theme, Algeria released commemorative postage stamp in 1990.

On 17 Aug 2005, Indonesia had released a stamp on similar theme. 

Save Energy from Indonesia

Let us have a look at the status of primary energy consumption of India. 

(Figures in exajoules)

Sr. Fuels                         2020         2021

1 Petroleum oil         9.08         9.14

2 Natural gas         2.18         2.24

3 Hydrocarbon subtotal 11.26 11.38

4 Coal                         17.40 20.09

5 Nuclear                 0.40           0.40

6 Hydroelectricity         1.55           1.51

7 Renewable energy 1.58           1.79

8 TOTAL                 32.19  35.43

(Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022)

Energy hungry India observes ‘Energy Conservation Day’, every year on 14 December. The tradition began on 14 Dec 1991. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), under the Ministry of Power, Government of India was tasked to create awareness among Indian citizen about the importance, various methods, associated benefits of reduction of energy consumption and its conservation practices. On 01 Oct 2001, BEE enacted Energy Conservation Act which became effective from 01 Mar 2002. 

In the area of energy conservation, the government of India had started working long before. In 1977, it had established the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) under Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. In the year 1992, in order to give stress on the non-conventional sources of energy, the government of India established a separate exclusive ministry, called Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). 

Energy Conservation: India 14 Dec 2004

For a country like India, energy conservation is directly related to the savings of foreign exchange (used for import of petroleum and coal) and reduction of emission (target of net zero is 2070). India Post has issued commemorative stamps on energy conservation on 14 Dec 2004. 

On 12 Dec 2022, Government of India approved Energy Conservation Bill (Amendment of Energy Conservation Act 2001), approved by Rajya Sabha, the Upper House on 12 Dec 2022 and Lok Sabha, the Lower House on 08 Aug 2022) paving the way for more fruitful results in this direction. It empowered federal government to specify a domestic carbon credit scheme. It also makes mandatory for the designated big power consumers to source a part of their energy needs from renewable resources. The Energy Conservation Code for buildings will also be applicable for office and residential buildings with a connected load of 100 kilowatt or above. Automobile manufacturers will have to gear up as the energy consumption standards may be specified for vehicles and ships.

Interestingly, the bill was brought by Ministry of Power and not by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Therefore, it will be the responsibility of BEE, as nodal agency, for implementation and monitoring. 

Today, our earth disparately needs energy conservation measures for its future habitats and we all need to do our bits for a greener tomorrow.

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Disclaimer:

The noble objective of this blog, is to promote the hobby of philately through images of stamps, a few pictures and related narration. Some of the scans and pictures featured in this blogpost are mine while others (sourced from internet) are the properties of their respective owners. No intention to infringe any type of copyright.

The information provided in the article is for general informational purposes only. All information is provided in good faith. This is only for sharing of knowledge of philately with philatelist fraternity of the world. No commercial or political angle, whatsoever, is involved. Under no circumstances, I shall have any liability for reliance on any information provided in the story.

A love story embedded stepwell - Adalaj

 

An amazing stepwell at Adalaj

Worldwide people know that mighty Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658) had built the famous Taj Mahal in Agra in the memory of his most beloved wife Mumtaz. The mausoleum was built in white Makrana marble from Rajasthan, India in Islamic architecture.

But very few know that a Hindu queen had built an architectural masterpiece in sandstone (as stepwell), in the memory of her late husband king, in a combination of Hindu and Muslim architecture, much before that (1498). 

Today both are standing tall, drawing curious tourists from across the globe. Here goes the story.

The stepwell at surface level

Stepwells primarily acted as secured sources of underground pure water for drinking, bathing and washing. In the construction process, when they were given a dash of religion, these stepwells also emerged as convergence points for the local religious festivals, rituals etc. In local Gujarati language stepwells are called vav (a well accessed through a flight of stairs by going down to the water level). They are also called baoli, baori or bawdi. In the state of Gujarat, there exist about 120 stepwells and several are available in other parts of northern India and Pakistan. While the basic purpose of these stepwells was to provide water for drinking and other household chores, throughout the year, a few have remarkable architectural beauties. Adalaj stepwell is one such marvel which makes the tourists of today awe struck. 

On 29 Dec 2017, India Post issued a set of stamps, depicting surviving stepwells of India. 

The stamp

The famous stepwell of Adalaj was featured in one stamp and one mini-sheet. 

The mini-sheet of stamps

Adalaj is a small village in the present state of Gujarat of India. It is located at about 5 km away from Gandhinagar, the capital of the state. Gandhinagar has a railway station. The distance from Ahmedabad, the nearest airport (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel airport), is about 18 km. The location is well connected by road. The area is extremely dry and semi-arid zone. The crisis of water was persistent since historical days. The early kingdom suffered due to inadequate rain and perennial water crisis. 

So the rulers of the area, since ages, have always focused on availability of assured sources of water when draught occurred in the region due to delayed or no monsoon at all. They took measures to make water available for the peasants. The common solution was construction of wells. Stepwells were opted by the kings as permanent solution for water scarcity.

The process of well construction turned into a demonstration of royal taste and patronage. Building of stepwells emerged as noble deeds by the kings and queens. Since it was guided and promoted by the rulers, stepwells became show pieces of combination of architecture, aesthetics and engineering skills. It can be inferred that architects had sound knowledge of soil analysis. The massive structures were earthquake resistant, as Gujarat is an earthquake prone landscape.

One step down from ground level

A few interesting details about the Adalaj stepwell was inscribed in Sanskrit on a marble slab which was discovered on the first floor of eastern side entry point. 

A few historical facts

QUOTE

"Samvat 1555 (1498 AD), month of Magha, Mahmud Padshah being king.

"Salutation to Vinayaka (Ganesha) to whose race belonged King Mokala, chief of the country of Dandahi. From him was born Karna, Mahipa, and Virsinh and Naisha were the sons of Mahipa. Virsinh's queen, whose name is Rooda, has constructed this well.

"It is dedicated at this time – when the sun is in the north, the month is Magha, the bright half (Shukla Paksha), the 5th day, the day of the week, Wednesday, the lunar mansion – Uttara, Karana-Bava, the yoga – Siddhi.”

(Source: Wikipedia)

UNQUOTE

Hindus consider this day to be very auspicious and celebrate as Basant Panchami or Shukla Panchami. On this day people worship Goddess Saraswati, who is the goddess of knowledge, literature, music, art etc. It will not be out of point to mention that this author was born on one such Basant Panchami and been blessed by Her. 

Artwork in stone (Picture courtesy: Dr. G C Das)

According to history, the magnificent stepwell at Adalaj was built in 1498 by a queen named Rani Roodabai or Rani Roopba or Rudadevi. Thus, the stepwell at Adalaj is also known as Rudabai stepwell. She built it in the memory of her loving late husband Rana Veer Singh. They were from Vaghela dynasty. By some twists and turns of fate, the construction of this stepwell was commenced by a Hindu king and was completed by a Muslim Badshah (ruler). The result was obvious. The construction has distinct impression of Indo-Islamic architecture. 

In 15th century, the place was known as Dandai Desh and Vaghela dynasty was in reign. King Rana Veer Singh ordered the construction of a large and magnificent stepwell for his countrymen. The engineers, architects, artisans and craftsmen began the work. Meanwhile, the Dandai Desh was attacked by Mohammed Begda, an expansionist Muslim sultan, whose actual name was Abu'l Fath Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I (25 May 1458 – 23 November 1511). The Begda or Begra or Begarha name possibly originated after he conquered two ('be' in Gujrati language means two) forts (garh) - one each at Junagarh and Pavagarh.

In the fierce battle, unfortunately king Rana Veer Singh was killed. The construction work of the stepwell was suspended. Begda proposed to marry the beautiful widow queen. She had two options at that time. Either to perform Sati (self-immolation by sitting alive on the funeral pyre of expired husband) or to agree to the proposal of the invader sultan. 

After making up her mind and keeping some plan under her sleeves, she conditionally agreed to the marriage proposal of Begda. She conveyed that she was ready to marry him provided he complete the unfinished task of the stepwell. Begda was moved by the charm of the beauty of the queen and was desparate to marry her at the earliest. He agreed to the condition of the queen and mobilised his resources to complete the task. 

With his desire and drive, he completed the building of the magnificent stepwell as quickly as possible. Sandstone was used with mortar as construction materials. The architecture has distinct designs of Hindu and Muslim cultures. While the late Hindu king had added carvings of Hindu Gods Vishnu and other deities, Jain icons, etc., the Muslim ruler characterized the architecture with typical floral motifs and geometrical and symmetrical designs. Kalpavriksha, the tree of life and Ami Kumbhor, the pot with water of life, have been depicted with great care and perfection.

Begda himself was mesmerized by the architectural beauty of the stepwell. On completion, one day he called the six main masons or artisans who had played the lead roles in construction of the stepwell. 

He asked them - ‘Can you build another similar stepwell?’

Those simple poor fellows replied with confidence - ‘Yes sir.’

Begda called his sentries and ordered - ‘Kill them at once and I don’t want another stepwell which can compete with its grandeur.’

People relate six tombs found near the stepwell with this unfortunate incident.

Subsequently, he sent message to the queen to remind her about her promise. The queen responded back that she remembers her words and ready for the royal wedding but before that she would perform a puja (worship) at the newly constructed stepwell. Knowing such rituals are normal for Hindus, Begda, without guessing any foul play and being excited of getting to marry her, agreed to the suggestion.

On an auspicious day, the queen reached the newly constructed stepwell, performed her prayer to the Lord and jumped in the central well. When Begda got the news, all he could do was to fish out her mortal remains from the depth of the well. 

Today the main gates of this historical landmark is open daily from 8 am to 6 pm. 

Welcome

Earlier, entry was free but nowadays an entry fee has been levied. 

The booking counter

There are three entrances to the stepwell at the surface level, one each in the east, west and south, each having the capacity for smooth entry and exit of large number of visitors or water collectors (of the past) at a time. All staircases would lead to the bottom of the well. At present, one entry has been closed to the visitors. 

The geometrical form of the stepwell is amazing, to say the least. At the ground level, the top has octagonal structure. 

Surface level, covered with iron mesh

As one steps down towards the bottom, the temperature drops and humidity is felt. 

Looking downwards from the surface

It has five levels and each level is supported by ornately designed pillars. 

Pillars and supporting beams

Each of the floors are spacious enough to accommodate a reasonable size of gathering. 

Multi-level structure

In peak summer, peasants and travelers would take refuge in the lower strata of the stepwell to escape from the harsh heat of scorching Sun.

All five levels

However, the open top design of the stepwell ensured adequate light, even in the lowermost level, during most part of the day. At the bottom, the stepwell has taken square shape.

From octagonal top to square bottom to circular pond

At the bottom center, there is a pond which is circular in shape. The pond always has the supply of pure and fresh underground water as it is somewhere connected to hidden aquifer. 

One particular aspect needs to be mentioned here. Other than three entrances to the stepwell, there is one exclusive private spiral staircase separated from the public area. 

The 'exclusive' spiral staircase 

From top, it lands directly at the bottom where it has certain partition to prevent direct view from others. It is presumed that it was designed for the women of higher society status or even may be for the queen.

The well as seen from the top

Though rain is rare in this region, during the visit of the author, there was sudden splash of rain for 2-3 minutes. It was a mesmerizing to watch from the bottom of the stepwell. 

A rare rain scene

Tiny droplets of water from the heaven coming through the opening of the well and mingling with static water at the bottom of the well. A scene is to be cherished forever.

Adalaj stepwell is an un-parallel blend of architecture and engineering, juxtaposed with a story of eternal love and tragedy at the end. 

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Disclaimer:

This is not a historical document. The information provided in the article is for general informational purposes only. All information is provided in good faith. This is only for sharing of knowledge of philately with philatelist fraternity of the world. No commercial or political angle, whatsoever, is involved. No intention to infringe any type of copyright. Under no circumstances I shall have any liability for reliance on any information provided in the story.

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Acknowledgement: 

Thankful to Dr. G C Das for introducing to this marvel.

The story, in short form, was published in popular philatelic e-magazine 'Ananthapuri Stamp Bulletin' Nov'2022 issue.

Petroleum Philately of India: Assam - The Maternity Block

 

100+ Years old operating refinery

Petroleum is the main driving force of modern civilization. Crude petroleum oil is extracted from underground reservoirs, refined in oil refineries and distributed across the country for consumption.

Here are a few questions pertaining to petroleum industry of India:-

1. Where the petroleum crude oil was first discovered?

2. Where the first oil well was dug?

3. In which place the first petroleum oil refinery was set up?

4. In which state the first crude oil pipeline was laid?

5. In which state the first petroleum product pipeline was laid?

6. Where the first public sector refinery of independent India was commissioned?

7. Where the first petrochemical complex plant was established?

State of Assam, India (Source: Internet)

Incidentally, for all of above mentioned seven questions there is only one answer - the State of Assam, India. Assam is the largest of the seven sisters states of northeast India. These beautiful states are Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.

Here are the answers of those questions in details:-

1) The first discovery of oil was made in 1866 in Digboi.

The Well No. 1

2) The first well of oil was dug in Digboi in the year 1889.

Details of Well No. 1

3) The first oil refinery was set in Margarita and later relocated in Digboi in the year 1901.

4) The first crude oil pipeline was laid between Nahorkatiya oilfield and Digboi refinery. 

5) The first petroleum product pipeline was laid from Digboi refinery to Tinsukia.

6) The first public sector refinery was established and commissioned in the year 1962 in Guwahati.

7) The first petrochemical complex plant was set up at Bongaigaon refinery.

In the true sense of term, the state of Assam is the maternity block of Indian petroleum industry. The state of Assam has contributed during birth and in the phase of growth of petroleum industry of India. While in pre-1947 there were only one refinery in Assam (in Digboi), today there are four refineries operating in Assam at Digboi, Guwahati, Bongaigaon and Numaligarh. Presently, crude oil fields and refineries of Assam, supply petroleum products beyond the state boundary.

The petroleum industry in India was born long before of independence. In the world, Edwin L. Drake was first to sink a well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, USA in 1859. 

A centenary of oil in USA

Only seven years later in 1866, Goodenough of McKillop Stewart Co. drilled first oil well in Upper Assam. However, it failed to achieve commercial success.  

The early stories of petroleum from Assam is not only fascinating but also intriguing. Believe it or not, the commercial discovery of petroleum oil in Assam was not credited to an oil company but a railway company. In 1889 Assam Railway and Trading Company (AR&TC) struck oil in Digboi and subsequently a small refinery was established in Margharita which was later relocated to Digboi. But before that story, let us talk about the historical background. 

A centenary of oil in India

A centenary (1889-1989) of discovery of petroleum oil in India, or to be precise in Assam, was commemorated through a postage stamp issued on 29 Dec 1989. An elephant was featured in the stamp along with oil rig, as pachyderms were on payrolls of oil companies in the arduous task of oil exploration and production in those era. 

An oil derrick and an elephant

Because of inhospitable terrain, elephants were employed on roll as ‘employee’ and were paid ‘salary’ by petroleum industry.

The family of an 'employee'

An 'employee' at work (Source: internet)

The story of rail and oil. 

Assam Railways and Trading Company Ltd (AR&TC) was incorporated in 1881 as a result of an agreement between Secretary of State of India and 'Shaw, Finlayson and Company'. They were tasked to lay a railway line between Dibrugarh and Sadiya. Besides setting up railway track the company expanded their activities into business of petroleum oil exploration in Assam and also developed interest in coal business. AR&TC struck oil in Digboi and subsequently a small refinery was established in Margharita. The refinery from Margherita was subsequently relocated in Digboi.  The company owned the oil refinery in Digboi till 1899. Later AR&TC promoted an exclusive oil company named Assam Oil Company (AOC) and transferred the refinery business to it. In 1921, AOC was sold to Burmah Oil Company. In short span of time Assam Oil became a vertically integrated oil company with its own oil exploration, refining and marketing business. In the year 1951, Assam Oil floated a subsidiary company named Oil India which has become today’s Oil India Ltd. In the year 1945, AR&TC was taken over by the government of India. Thus the rail company who was credited with official discovery of petroleum in India, disappeared from the radar and forever.

A similar fate awaited for Assam Oil Company. The company was nationalized in the year of 1981 and was vested with Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., as a division named Assam Oil Division. Its independent identity was dissolved over a period of time. The refining operations was merged with refinery division and marketing apparatus was submerged with marketing division of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. By 2017, Assam Oil Company completely vanished from Indian petroleum scenario.

The birthplace (Elephant can not be missed at the center)

Today, India has 23 petroleum oil refineries spread all over the country. The very first refinery of India, established in Digboi, Assam, was commissioned on 11 Dec 1901. A 120+ years old refinery is still operating! The long serving Digboi refinery when clocked 100 years, a commemorative stamp was issued on 18 Dec 2001.

Centenary of Digboi Refinery

The first petroleum oil refinery of independent India was established at Guwahati (the then Gauhati). It was constructed with Rumanian collaboration.

Then 'Gauhati' and now 'Guwahati' Refinery

It was dedicated to the nation on 01 Jan 1962 by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of Independent India. 

First Prime Minister of Independent India

To commemorate the event a postage stamp was issued on Gauhati refinery. This was first postage stamp on petroleum theme issued by India. 

A Refinery and a Rhino

The stamp not only depicted the refinery but also prominently featured a Rhino, the state animal of Assam. Rhino was a feature in the logo of Assam Oil Company.

Logos of Indian Oil and Assam Oil together

Single horned Indian Rhino

An oil cauldron, reminiscent of rich contribution of Assam for oil industry of India, is left in open air somewhere in Guijan, Assam.  

Guwahati Refinery My Stamp (Courtesy: Ali Sajid Hussain)

The refinery celebrated its 50^th and 60^th anniversary with issuance of special covers, one each for the occasion. 

50 Years of Guwahati Refinery (Personal collection)

Today Guwahati refinery is operating at a capacity of 1.0 million metric tonnes per annum.

60 Years of Guwahati refinery (Courtesy: S K Palit)

Another petroleum oil refinery was established by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., in Barauni, Bihar in July’1964. But the feedstock of crude oil was supplied by oilfields of Assam through a long underground cross-country pipeline from the state of Assam to the state of Bihar. 

Crude pipeline connecting Assam and Bihar states of India (1157 kms) - Source: Internet

The 50^th anniversary of Barauni refinery was celebrated with issue of one special cover.

Barauni refinery (Courtesy Kishore Kanti Majumdar)

The foundation stone for refining cum petrochemical complex at Bongaigaon, first in India, was laid down on 19 January 1972. 

My Stamp of Bongaigaon Refinery (Courtesy: Ali Sajid Hussain)

On 20 Feb 1974, it was incorporated as Bongaigaon Refinery & Petrochemicals Limited (BRPL) under Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. 

50 Years of Bongaigaon Refinery

Later, on 28 Mar 2009, it was amalgamated with Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Special Cover of Bongaigaon Refinery with My Stamp (Courtesy S K Palit)

The colour difference of two same Special Covers and use of two different yet related stamps may be noted.

As on 31 March 2022, the petroleum oil refining capacities -

All India = 250 million metric tonnes (rounded off)

1. Digboi         = 0.65 million metric tonnes

2. Guwahati     = 1.0   “      “         “    

3. Bongaigaon  = 2.35 “     “          “

4. Numaligarh  =  3.0  “      “         “

Total               = 7.0   “      “        “ (2.8 % of India, yet strategic)

The first three (1-3) refineries are operated by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (Personal collection, Courtesy - Partha Ghosh)

Indian petroleum industry has celebrated the century of oil exploration and production, refining of crude oil and marketing of refined petroleum products within and outside India. Many more miles to go and Assam will lead from the  front. 

Celebrating a century (Personal collection)

Oil Coordination Committee (O.C.C.) was an extended arm of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India, which ceased to exist effective 01 Apr 2002.  

The petroleum philately of India is indebted to the state of Assam for its contribution to this wonderful hobby of philately. 

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Acknowledgements:

1. With valuable inputs from Deepakanada Bharali, Independent Director, Assam Petrochemicals Ltd. Appreciate.

2. S N Deka is the person because of whom it was possible to participate in the Assampex. Thankful.

PS: This was my exhibit (with little alteration), under Invitee class, in Assampex 2022 (The 4th State Level Philatelic Exhibition held during 12-15 Oct 2022 in Guwahati, the state capital of Assam, India). 

The invitation

Invitation 1 of 2

Invitation 2 of 2

Participant (Courtesy: Ron Ghosh)

The venue (Courtesy: Ron Ghosh)

The venue, once upon a time (Source: internet)

Single Frame Display (Courtesy: Debi Prasad Nayek)

Philatelists' Feedback

Another feedback

Disclaimer:

The information provided in the article is for general informational purposes only. All information is provided in good faith. This is only for sharing of knowledge of philately with philatelist fraternity of the world. No commercial or political angle, whatsoever, is involved. No intention to infringe any type of copyright. Under no circumstances I shall have any liability for reliance on any information provided in the story.

 

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